Does the manufacturing of photovoltaic modules consume more energy than they can produce?

❌ No. But how much more do they produce?

📊 The energy performance ratio in a photovoltaic installation describes the relationship between the energy generated by the installation and the energy invested in its manufacturing and transportation. Additionally, the energy payback time indicates the time the installation must be operational to offset that invested energy.

⏳ The energy payback time for photovoltaic installations varies depending on the technology and location. A study by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE on current technology photovoltaic installations (monocrystalline PERC modules) has determined payback times of approximately one year for installations in Europe.

With a lifespan of 25-30 years, the modules produce more than 20 times the energy needed to manufacture them.